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KMID : 0613820210310020183
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Journal of Life Science
2021 Volume.31 No. 2 p.183 ~ p.191
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Euglena gracilis Extracts
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Yu Sun-Nyoung
Park Bo-Bae
Kim Ji-Won
Hwang You-Lim
Kim Sang-Hun
Kim Sun-Ah
Lee Tae-Ho
Ahn Soon-Cheol
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Abstract
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Euglena gracilis is a microalga of great biotechnological interest that can create high levels of bioactive compounds, such as tocopherol, paramylon, and folic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of extracts from E. gracilis, especially those focused on immunological activity. E. gracilis biomass was extracted with hot water (HWE) and the remaining pellet was continuously extracted with methanol (HWME). First, we examined the effect of two extracts from E. gracilis on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. HWE treatment dose-dependently increased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. On the other hand, treatment with HWME significantly decreased the generation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. In addition, other biological activities of the extracts were further analyzed: α-glucosidase inhibition, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Analysis of these biological activities showed that HWE has more inhibitory effects than HWME against α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and XO agents. However, the inhibition of PTP1B and ACE with HWME were higher than with HWE. Taken together, the results suggested that E. gracilis possesses various biological activities－especially immunological capabilities－through regulation of cytokine production. Therefore, E. gracilis extract may be potentially useful for food material with immune-regulating effects.
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KEYWORD
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Biological activity, Euglena gracilis, immunomodulatory activity, nitric oxide, pro-inflammatory cytokines
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